The heat treatment states of titanium: M state, R state, Y state, what are the characteristics of each?
2025,07,14
As a high-performance metal material,
Titanium Alloy is widely used in aerospace, medical and sports and other fields. Because of its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, titanium alloy materials have become the material of choice in many industries. However, the properties of titanium alloys vary depending on their processing conditions.
According to the classification of annealing state, titanium alloy is divided into: annealed state (M), hot working state (R), cold working state (Y). Titanium alloys are usually divided into α type, β type, and α+β type. Different heat treatment processes will affect their microstructure and thus have different physical properties.
①Annealed state (M):
After annealing, the internal stress of the material is released, the structure is more uniform, its plasticity and toughness are improved, and the hardness is reduced. Therefore, the M-state titanium alloy has better processing properties than the R-state. In terms of hardness, the hardness of M-state titanium alloy is usually lower than that of R-state, but the specific value will also be affected by factors such as annealing temperature and time. Generally speaking, the hardness HRC of titanium alloy (annealed state) is roughly between 32 and 38.
②Thermal processing state (R):
Refers to the state of the material without any heat treatment after hot rolling. In this state, titanium alloy has high strength but relatively poor plasticity. Due to the presence of forging or rolling stress, R-state titanium alloys may be unfavorable for subsequent processing. Therefore, unless there are specific requirements, it is generally not recommended to use the R state as the supply state. In terms of hardness, the hardness of R-state titanium alloy is relatively high, but the specific value will be affected by various factors such as alloy composition and rolling process.
③Cold working state (Y):
Without annealing after cold working, the material is in a hard state. The performance characteristics are high strength and low plasticity. The titanium alloy after cold working will show higher strength and hardness, but the plasticity and ductility will be reduced. Titanium alloys in this state are suitable for manufacturing high-strength parts, such as aerospace, navigation, chemical industry, medical and other fields. For example, in aerospace, Y-state titanium alloys are often used to make aircraft structural parts and engine parts; in navigation, they are used to make pressure-resistant shells and propellers; in the chemical industry, they are used to make corrosion-resistant equipment; in medicine, they are used to make medical implants.
The above are the characteristics of the three heat treatment states of titanium alloy. During the actual purchase, users can choose the correct
Titanium Material in the supply state based on their own usage requirements.
